Automatic arms



Feb. 2, 1960 A. BARDELLI AUTOMATIC ARMs Filed odtf s, 1956 @d @w w W T SN E mm INVE NTOIL A. Barale/la' S @wlw/gm A TTOULN E35 l AUTOMATIC ARMS Arturo Bardelli, Rome, Italy Application October 3, 1956, Serial No. 613,747

Claims priority, application Italy October 8, 1955 1 Claim. (Cl. 89-190) This invention relates to a semi-automatic rie and refers more particularly to a gas-operated, trigger-fired,

semi-automatic rifle.

It is a known fact that automatic arms always comprise delicate and complicated components which in most cases require machining to an extremely high degree of precision. The complicated and large number of parts therefore often introduce considerable maintenance and parts is reduced and the overall general structure of the l tiring mechanism is simplied.

In the attainment of the aforesaid objectives, the in'- ventive concept of the present invention may be realized through the provisions of forming the firing pin integrally with the breechblock mechanism and of forming the extractor and the ejector in such a manner that they become part of the breechblock-lock.

Other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood by referring to the accompanying drawings taken in conjunction with the following description which represents a non-limiting example of one preferred embodiment of the invention.

In the drawing:

Figure 1 isa longitudinal section of the firearm showing the breechblock in the battery position after firing.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section showing the breechblock in a firing position.

Figure 3 is an enlarged longitudinal section of the breechblock.

Figure 4 is an enlarged longitudinal section showing the head of the breechblock at one end of the recoil stroke.

Referring now to the drawings in greater detail, reference numeral indicates a breechblock mechanism and like reference numerals indicatel ike parts.

The breechblock 10 is constituted of a pivot 11 disposed intermediate an extractor 12 and an ejector 13. A locking bar 15 provided with two projections 16 and 17, one at each end thereof, is mounted on the breechblock 10 by means of another pivot 14 disposed at one end of the locking bar 15. The projection 16 maintains the breechblock 10 in the battery position after firing as shown in Figure l. Projection 17, which is a part of hub 18a pivoted about pivot 18, oversets together with the locking bar 15 during the movement of the breechblock and strikes the ejector 13 when the breechblock 10 is in a firing position as shown in Figure 2 and causes the cartridge (not shown) to be ejected.

The free end 18a of the locking bar 15 is pivoted freely on a pivot 18 which slides into a groove 19 inthe receiver 20 by means of two axial projections (not shown) formed on each side of the pivot 18. The groove 19 causes the pivot 18 to be forced, and consequently the free ends18a of the locking bar 15, to move vertically downward and then upward bythe eifect of gas pressure when the breechblock 10 moves backward and forward, respectively, to feed another shell into the chamber.

As shown in Figure 1, the breechblock 10 is prevented from moving backward as long as the locking bar 15 is maintained in a horizontal position such that pivots 14` and 18 are aligned along the axis of the arm, and pivot- 18 is engaged in groove 19.

A piston 23 pushes a yoke 24 backward when it is subjected to the pressure of the gases owing through a duct 22. The piston 23 bears upon the projection 16- 'of the locking bar 15 as shown in Figure 1 while the pivot 18 moves vertically downward until the position of the locking bar 15 is reversed as shown in Figure 2. Thus,I pivot 18 engaged in groove 19 moves rst downward and,l

then upward until the projection 17 strikes the ejector 131 and causes the spent cartridge case to be ejected (Figurerl 2). In the meantime the breechblock 10 is engaged by the trigger sear 25, and the spring 26 remains fully loaded (Figure 2).

By pulling the trigger the two levers 25-25 are operated simultaneously, the breechblock is released from the yokes 27 and 27 simultaneously, and the spring 26 pushes the breechblock 10 forward. Lever 25 moves immediately back into inoperative position, being loaded by a spring not shown in the drawing. Lever 25 comes back into inoperative position only when the trigger is released lin Vorder to prevent the breechblock from being retained by Vsaid lever 25. In firearms in which the breechblock is fastened to the striker, a shot is red'by pulling the trigger. If when cocking the rearm again care is not taken to bring the breechblock again into engagement with lever 25, `spring 26 causes the said breechblock to close and a shot to be ired. This inconvenience is prevented by the action of said lever 25. If in the meanwhile, the breechblock has already extracted a cartridge, but is stopped by lever 25, the cartridge can be easily removed. If the operator has taken no care to bring the breechblock into engagement 'with lever 25' the cartridge is not extracted from the reservoir. The springs which act on lever 25 and 25 are spiral springs and are not shown in the drawings. Simultaneously, with the action followingthe pulling of the trigger pivot 18 of the locking bar 15 engaged in groove 19 moves vertically down and up and causes the locking bar 1-5 to return to its initial position (Figure l) while the breechblock 10 pushes the fresh shell into the chamber and fires it.

In order that the extractor 12 performs in such manner that insures perfect, automatic operation of the firearm, a tooth 12 disposed at one end of the extractor 12 must (a) hook the cartridge case easily, (b) hold the case firmly during extraction, (c) release the case at the time of ejection, (d) remain rigid to prevent any premature contact with a vfiring pin 28 while the cartridge is shifted from a magazine (not shown) and into the charnber.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the extractor 12 is essentially a lever which has its fulcrum disposed in pivot 11 and is mounted thereon in such manner that a degree of free play may be effected by the extractor when the breechblock is in either the rest or tiring position.

A smooth projection 12 is integrally for-med to the opposite end of the extractor 12 and rests frictionally upon a hub 32 of the locking bar 15 adjacent the pivot 14 during either forward or backward movement of the breechblock 10. The extractor 12 consists of a lever pivoted about 11. The hooked end 12 of said lever 12 engages the cartridge and its tail 12" rests upon hub 32. Since lever 12 is elastic and hub 32 is formed with two depressions 29-30,V during 'the angular motion of the locking bar l said hub `presents its depression 29 vin a' position so as to exert nogpressure on the tail 12 of lever 12. The latter no-longer being under stress, leaves 'the cartridge free Vto be expelled from "the ejector'which i'nthe meanwhile is-hit'by' the projection 117, .asl indicated `above (see Figure "4). When, on the contrary, the tail v12" of lever `12 'finds itself in the depression 370, hook 1'2 :of lever vlI2 is not under stress'and it allows the cart'rlidge to be engaged by the extractonhook. In all other ,posi- :tions yof Vthe locking "bar 15 the end portion 112 oftlever .'12 is maintained rigidly against hubvliparticu'l'arly when such'lever 12 aetsto draw out'thecartridge case and to insert a fresh Vcartridge into `the barrel. The tfigures show the breechblock inV particular p'ositions, and 'thusdo Anot The hb 32'is, provide`d with.a cylindricalpa'rt'31 and "two substantially diametric'al -depressions 29 and 30. `When the smooth projection :12 oflthe extractorres'ts VVuponthe'depressions 29 or 30, the extractory 12 isfsbject 'to play and its`hoo'k 12 'consequently engages the -cartridge case rim lightly. However, when thesmoo'th projection 12 of the extractor rests upon the 'cylin- 'drical'part ofthe locking'barhu'b 32,V the free playlfin the extractor istemporarily inactive and in suchcondition 'thel hook 712' firmly engages the cartridge case rim.

During forward movement of the breechblock theextractor 12als`o remains rigid 'since .the projection'lZ'f rests on the 'hub '32 whilethe tooth 12prevents 4thefattr'idge capfrom contacting the 'firing pin 28. y

'I'he depressions 129 and :'30 provide `lo'os'e Apositioning of "the vsmooth projection 12" at 'the'completionf'the backward '(ring position) and forward movement (batteryposition afterl-ring') ofthe breechblock, respectively. Inthering position Vvthe spent cartridge'case isi'th'erefore'readily'released fromthe extractor by means of breechblock since the smooth projection 12K bears up'on the cylindrical part '31.

It is understood that the invention is not limited to the exact disclosure herein described but may lend itself to a variety of expressions in the scope of the appended claim. For example, in order to aid the movement of the pivot 18 in groove P19, at'orsion spring may be provided around thepivot 14 to .cause .the locking bar 15 to shift to the position'shownin Figure l.

What I clairniis: Y

In a semi-automatierearm, a receiver, a trigger mechanism 'mounted' withinsaidreeeiver, abreechblock 'operativelylconnected .with k--said 'trigger mechanisnnfa 'recoil spring biasing one end of said breechblock from a firing position to a battery -position, said'breechblock comprising a pivot, an extractor carried by said pivot and having a hooked end and another smooth projection, an ejector carried bysaid l;-pivot, another pivotV mounted on said breechblock intermediateits ends, a locking bar lhaving/a pivoted end carried by said second-mentioned .pivot :and apivotallyfmounted :free rend, a groove formed in said receiver-and engagingsaidlpivotal free end, said pivotal free end beingslidably movable vertically within said :groove-with'respect-to the longitudinal axi'sof said'flre- Farm,-a}projection formed on said pivoted end for /maintaining said battery position of said breechbloclg -a .hub formed=on 'said lfree endforstriking said'ejector, said `pivotedend havingtwo depressions disposed diametrical- `ly;oppositeeach other for causing free play of said ex` tractor 'when-"said -breechblock maintains said ring Vand .'batteryjposition, and .a 4tiring, pin integrallyformed on Vsaid breechblock `and disposed intermediate said ejector vandsaid hooked end.

References "Cited in the le of this Apatent :UNITED :STATES PATENTS 

